Pdf steam turbine find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. For impulse turbine the blade height at a particular section of a turbine will be function of mass flow rate m, specific volume v, area a, and velocity of steam. Lec11 basic concept of turbine, velocity diagram nptelhrd. Because the turbine generates rotary motion, it is particularly suited to be used to drive an electrical generator about 80% of all electricity generation in the world is by use of steam turbines.
Impulse turbines, reaction turbines, the impulse principle, the. The first device that may be classified as a reaction steam turbine was. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 2. Steam turbine types steam turbine types based on blade geometry and energy conversion process are.
Differential expansion of steam turbine generators by chris james skf reliability systems turbine supervisory instrumentation modern vibration monitoring instrumentation systems are also specifically designed to perform critical measurements which are used in the control of large steam turbine generator trains. The basic functioning of the turbine is that the blades of turbine are rotated by the moving fluide. In doing so, energy is consumed rather than produced. Hello i welcome you all in this course on steam and gas power systems today we will solve the problems on. Goal install a noncondensing backpressure steam turbine that produces energy while. Thermal power plants steam turbine components and systems r. Approval issue module 2347 the turbine governing system. The steam turbine wikisource, the free online library. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. The best steam turbine technology is the obvious choice. Steam turbines, whether small scale or heavyduty, are crucial for efficient power plants.
You can use a picture captured through a camera or you may even draw your pictures. Ger4190 steam turbine thermal evaluation and assessment. In an extracting type turbine, steam is released from variousin an extracting type turbine, steam is released from various stages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sentstages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sent to boiler feed water heater to. Lecture 2 steam turbine free download as powerpoint presentation.
Ge power has supplied 30% of the worlds steam turbine capacity. The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency through the use of multiple stages in the. Steam turbine technology kth royal institute of technology web. Theacti vatedunloader acts similarly to the loadlimiter, ie. This paper introduces the latest steam turbine technologies applied to this stateoftheart steam turbine including the complete. Steam turbines range from steam turbine is powered by steam. The basic element in a turbine is a wheel or rotor with addles, propellers, blades, or buckets arranged on its circumference in. Downloadevaluating and improving steam turbine performance pdf. Latest technologies and future prospects for a new steam turbine.
Turbines most material from fluid mechanics, cengel and cimbala, chapter 14 introduction and terminology. Turbine is a general term for any device that extracts mechanical energy from a fluid generally converting it to rotating energy of a turbine wheel. This was developed by kraftwerk union and also overcomes the need for a very heavy flange in the high pressure cylinder. Apr 06, 2010 lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con.
Varma designed ultra modern and high efficiency turbines which can use gas, steam or fuels as feed to produce electricity or mechanical work for wide range of usages and applications in industries. Turbine is a rotary engine that converts the energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or gas into mechanical energy. Despite efforts to develop alternative energy converters, electricity from steam will continue, for many years, to provide the power that energizes the united states and world economies. The principal cycle considerations are those of regenerative feedwater heating by turbine extraction steam and of reheating. The motive power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to. Feb 19, 2017 lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. Lecture compounding in impulse turbine free download as word doc.
This manual does not for designing steam turbine and the related parts. A pressure reducing valve drops the buildings steam pressure. The object of the analysis is the combined gas turbinesteam turbine system which is compared to the combined marine lowspeed diesel enginesteam. Steam turbine, energy performance, efficiency assessment, heat balance 1 introduction the steam turbine converts the thermal energy of pressurized steam into useful mechanical work. The following addresses best practices for optimal steam system turbine maintenance and operation. Efficiency, while clearly a consideration, takes a less prominent role than in aircraft turbine design. The steam turbine is just one cost component in a complete chp plant.
For liquids, we usually call them hydraulic turbines or hydroturbines. Three basic phases can be distinguished in the process of steam turbine unit start. Hello i welcome you all in this course on steam and gas power systems. Condensate entrapment in the steam supply increases turbine steam rates, reduces the steam turbine efficiency, and causes erosion of steam turbine components governor valves, blading, and nozzles. Lecture series on applied thermodynamics for marine systems by prof. Comparing combined gas tubrinesteam turbine and marine low speed piston enginesteam turbine systems in naval applications abstract the article compares combined systems in naval applications.
The principles of correct conducting startups have been developed over the longterm operation of steam turbines and contain experience of turbine designers, constructors and operators. Jan 07, 20 the subject of our lecture today is the steam turbine, and it may be interesting to mention that the work was initially commenced because calculation showed that, from the known data, a successful steam turbine ought to be capable of construction. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. As hot, gaseous steam flows past the turbine spinning blades, steam expands and cools, giving off most of the energy it contains. Lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. A typical turbine governing system has two unloaders one activated by low condenservacuum. Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. Lec11 basic concept of turbine, velocity diagram youtube. Lecture compounding in impulse turbine turbine engines. One of the advantages of the closed turbine gas cycle is that the turbine stays clean because the combustion products do not pass through it. Take the steam turbine training and be able to state the purpose of steam turbine, describe major components and explain the theory of operation.
Best practices for steam turbine maintenance and operation. Alstom has been designing and building steam turbines for over 100 years. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss in distinguishing between impulse and reaction blading it is necessary to consider what happens to the steam in passing through one stage of fixed and moving blades. Prior to supplying steam to the turbine, the steam supply pipelines have to be drained and heated up. A rotor of a modern steam turbine, used in a power plant. Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. There is no piston rod,flywheel or slide valves attached to the turbine. Comparing combined gas tubrinesteam turbine and marine low. The turbine is of two types based on the type of its working as follows. Compilation of lecture notes on steam turbines for engineering students. Today, alstom offers a complete range of advanced, highly efficient and reliable steam turbine generator sets. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Combined heat and power technology fact sheets series. In that time, we have constantly driven their performance, efficiency and reliability.
Single flow high pressure turbine another unique casing design is shown in figure 3. The turbine is operational since 1968, therefore an efficiency assessment can highlight its present technical condition. It consists of a rotor and a set of rotating blades which are attached to a shaft. In case of turbines with cooling water preheating and lowpressure lp bypass, prior to supplying steam the regeneration and dumping systems have to be.
Steam quality steam must be of the highest quality. There are two classical types of turbine stage designs. Purpose this manual can be used for preliminary selection, steam and cooling water planning for steam turbines in basic and detail engineering stages. In noncondensing turbines or backpressure turbines, steam exhausts at a pressure greater than. Steam turbine performance 3 4 2 1 46 45 44 43 42 41 43 42 41 40 39 % % 1. Steam turbine gets heat energy in the form of superheated steam from steam generator. The performance of the steam turbine is governed by the losses occurred in it. Valentini gas turbine power plants 9 mass flow rates and so this plant can be adopted on sites with low water availability.
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